Szív-érrendszer
- A Pycnogenol® a vércukorszint- és vérnyomáscsökkentő gyógyszerekkel együttadva
szignifikáns mértékben tovább csökkentette a vércukorszintet, enyhítette a szív-érrendszeri
rizikótényezőket, és lehetővé tette a vérnyomáscsökkentő gyógyszer dózisának csökkentését a
nem inzulin dependens diabeteses betegek többségénél
Zibadi, S., Rohdewald, P., Park, D. and Watson, R.R. (2008)
Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes by Pycnogenol®
supplementation. Nutrition Research, 28(5): 315-320.
- Pycnogenol® lowers platelet hyperactivity more effectively than aspirin in a type I
diabetes pharmacologic model suggesting a protective effect from thrombosis in
diabetes. Nocun, M., Ulicna, O., Muchova, J., Durackova, Z. and Watala, C. (2007)
French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®) reduces thromboxane generation in blood
from diabetic male rats. Biomed Pharmacother, 62(3): 168-172.
- Pycnogenol® increases endothelium-dependent vasodilation by 42%, by enhancing
synthesis of nitric oxide in young healthy men.
Nishioka, K., Hidaka, T., Nakamura, S., Umemura, T., Jitsuiki, D., Soga, J., Goto, C., Chayama, K.,
Yoshizumi, M. and Higashi, Y. (2007)Pycnogenol®, French Maritime Pine Bark Extract, augments endothelium-dependent
vasodilation in humans. Hypertens Res, 30: 775-780.
- Pycnogenol® counteracts viral infection and prevents development of virus-induced
heart muscle inflammation.Matsumori, A., Higuchi, H. and Shimada, M. (2007)
French maritime pine bark extract inhibits viral replication and prevents development of viral
myocarditis.J Card Fail, 13 (9), 785-791.
- Pycnogenol® prevents heart failure damage in mice. Zibadi, S., Yu, Q., Rohdewald, P.J., Larson, D.F. and Watson, R.R. (2007)
Impact of Pycnogenol® on cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling induced by L-NAME
administration to old mice. Cardiovasc Toxicol, 7: 10-18.
- Pycnogenol® in vitro study provides evidence of strengthening heart muscle.
Hasegawa, N., Kinoshita, H., and Mochizuki, M. (2007)Pycnogenol® Increases the Probability of the Contraction State in Chick Embryonic
Cardiomyocytes, indicating Inotropic Effects. Phytother Res, 21: 181-182.
- Pycnogenol® reduces oedema side effects in hypertensive subjects taking antihypertensive
therapy.Belcaro, G., Cesarone, M.R., Ricci, A., Cornelli, U., Rohdewald, P., Ledda, A.,
Di Renzo, A., Stuard, S., Cacchio, M., Vinciguerra, G., Gizzi, G., Pellegrini, L.,
Dugall, M. and Fano, F. (2006).Control of Edema in Hypertensive Subjects Treated With Calcium Antagonist (Nifedipine) or
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors With Pycnogenol®. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 12(4): 440-444.
- Pycnogenol® and Coenzyme Q10 enhance cardiovascular health synergistically. Watson, R.R. (2005)
Nutraceutical Synergism: Pycnogenol® and Coenzyme Q10 Enhance Cardiovascular Health. Evid Based Integrative Med, 2(2): 67-70./li>
- Pycnogenol® inhibits the most important pro-inflammatory enzymes, showing a
strikingly rapid bioavailability.Schäfer, A., Chovanova, Z., Muchova, J., Sumegova, K., Liptakova, A., Durackova, Z. and
Högger, P. (2005)Inhibition of Cox-1 and Cox-2 activity by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of French
maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®).Biomed Pharmacother, 60: 5-9.
- Pycnogenol® as a nutraceutical in cardiovascular health and diabetes (Review).
Gulati, O.P. (2005) The Nutraceutical Pycnogenol®: its role in cardiovascular health and blood glucose control.
Biomed Rev, 16: 49-57.
- Pycnogenol® increases red blood cell membrane fluidity and protects erythrocytes
against oxidative stress. Sivonova, M., Waczulikova, I., Kilanczyk, E., Hrnciarova, M., Bryszewska, M., Klajnert, B. and
Durackova, Z. (2004)The effect of Pycnogenol® on the erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Gen Physiol Biophys, 23: 39-51.
- Pycnogenol® improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients and helps
to lower the dose of the antihypertensive drug (Nifedipine) when administered simultaneously.
Liu, X., Wei, J., Tan, F., Zhou, S., Würthwein, G. and Rohdewald, P. (2004)
Pycnogenol® French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive
patients. Life Sci, 74: 855-862.
- Review of the positive effects of Pycnogenol® for cardiovascular health, based on the
published clinical studies in the cardiovascular area.Watson, R.R. (2003)
Pycnogenol® and cardiovascular health. Evid Based Integrative Med, 1(1): 27-32.
- Pycnogenol® increases antioxidant capacity and lowers cholesterol in obese volunteers
in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Devaraj, S., Vega-López, S., Kaul, N., Schönlau, F., Rohdewald, P. and Jialal, I. (2002)
Supplementation with a pine bark extract rich in polyphenols increases plasma antioxidant
capacity and alters plasma lipoprotein profile. Lipids, 37(10): 931-934.
- Pycnogenol® reduces blood pressure, as shown in a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled
study performed in mildly hypertensive patients. Furthermore, Pycnogenol®
significantly decreases the level of the vasoconstrictor factor (thromboxane) in blood
of these patients.
Hosseini, S., Lee, J., Sepulveda, R. T., Rohdewald, P. and Watson, R. R. (2001)
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study
to determine the role of Pycnogenol® in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive
patients. Nutr Res, 21: 1251-1260.
- Pycnogenol® inhibits smoking-induced increased levels of thromboxane B2, the noxious
agent involved in the increased platelet reactivity/aggregation in smokers. These
results explain the mechanism of anti-platelet aggregation activity of Pycnogenol®
observed in smokers.
Araghi-Niknam, M., Hosseini, S., Larson D., Rohdewald, P. and Watson R.R. (1999)
Pine bark extract reduces platelet aggregation. Int Med, 2(2/3): 73-77.
- Pycnogenol® helps fighting against heart disease by inhibiting adhesion and
aggregation of platelets and improving microcirculatory blood flow in humans.
Wang, S., Tan, D., Zhao, Y., Gao, G., Gao, X. and Hu, L. (1999)
The effect of Pycnogenol® on the microcirculation, platelet function and ischemic myocardium
in patients with coronary artery diseases. Eur Bull Drug Res, 7(2): 19-25.
- Pycnogenol® helps to maintain a healthy circulation through vasodilatation, anti
platelet aggregation, free radical scavenging and capillary sealing effects. The role of
endothelial nitric oxide (NO) is also discussed.
Rohdewald, P. (1999)Reducing the risk for stroke and heart infarction with Pycnogenol®.
Eur Bull Drug Res, 7(2): 14-18.
- Pycnogenol® inhibits smoking induced platelet aggregation in dose-dependent
manner in humans. The effect lasts for more than 6 days and unlike aspirin, it does
not produce increase in bleeding time.
Pütter, M., Grotemeyer, K.H.M., Würthwein, G., Araghi-Niknam, M., Watson R.R., Hosseini, S.
and Rohdewald, P. (1999)
Inhibition of smoking-induced platelet aggregation by Aspirin and Pycnogenol®. Thromb Res, 95: 155-161.
- Pycnogenol® counteracts the constriction of blood vessels due to stress. The vasorelaxant
activity of Pycnogenol® is mediated through nitric oxide.
Fitzpatrick, D.F., Bing, B. and Rohdewald, P. (1998) Endothelium-dependent vascular effects of Pycnogenol®.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 32: 509-515.
- Pycnogenol® inhibits the angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE) and produces a
moderate hypotensive effect in rats.
Blazso, G., Gaspar R., Gabor, M., Rüve H-J and Rohdewald, P. (1996)
ACE inhibition and hypotensive effect of procyanidinis containing extract from the bark of
Pinus pinaster Sol. Pharm Pharmacol Lett, 6(1): 8-11.